Selecting the proper equipment or equipment system for water treatment is essential to meet your quality demands on the treated water. Wide range of methods and technologies for water purification exists. The offered equipment uses different approaches depending on the specific requirements in different application areas.
Properties of water and undesired impurities
Industry and laboratories require specially treated water free of all impurities. Natural adulterants contained in the natural water represent the undesired impurities. Rainwater can be characterized by high degree of acidity (i.e. low pH). During in – leak to the soil it dissolves minerals and due to these adulterants the pH grows to reach high values. The properties of surface water can also be influenced by the biological bacterial contamination. Such contaminated water is unsuitable to be used for special industrial purposes.
Properties of purified water
Purified water is specially treated water free of impurities, ions and microorganisms. It is used in different branches for many purposes. However, it is vulnerable to fast contamination from the surrounding environment and therefore cannot be stored.
Purified water has different properties (conductivity etc.) depending on the level of purity. The properties as well as the purity grades are defined by ČSN ISO 3696 – Jakost vody pro analytické účely. Specifikace a zkušební metody standard (Quality of water for analytical purposes. Specifications and testing methods). The standard defines 3 purity grades:
- Grade 1- does not meet the purified water standard, the lowest quality, usually filtered on 0,24 micron porosity membrane
- Grade 2 – purified water standard, conductivity lower than 1 micronS/cm
- Grade 3 - purified water standard
Water purifying methods
Purified water production represents a very demanding technological process. Various methods are available differing in the technology and the process efficiency level. A combination of more methods is commonly used or, variantly, multiple use of a single technology is applied. Such an approach guarantees the best results.
Reverse osmosis – membrane filtration
Reverse osmosis is the most widespread principle used in purified water production equipment today. Reverse osmosis is a filtration method product of which is chemically pure water from virtually any source. This method is capable of separating impurities and particles smaller than nanometre ones. In comparison with traditional distillation apparatuses the systems based on reverse osmosis offer considerably lower water and energy consumption – 2,5 times lower volume of water is used to produce the same amount of treated water. Osmosis principle based on water pressure alone has essentially no demand for electric energy. Maintenance costs are lower, too, especially in areas with hard feed water.
Filtration
Is a method based on mixture component separation by material letting through only one of the components. The procedure is suitable for drinking water treatment and pre – treatment of water intended to be later processed to purified water via subsequent cleaning stages. Filters separate unblocked chlorine, chloramine, chloride oxide, phenol, organic solvents and pesticides. Active carbon is most frequently used as the filter. There is a disadvantage, though, to this material- limited life. This brings the necessity of a change or regeneration in certain period. Active carbon filtration method is widely used in industry, breweries, water treatment stations and waterworks.
Demineralization via ion – exchanger (deionization)
Demineralization (deionization) is a method of capturing the ions through an agent referred to as ionex or ion – exchanger. Ion – exchangers are capable of capturing salt ions and exchanging them for hydrogen and hydrate oxide ions. Cations of dissolved salts are removed by cation exchangers and anions of dissolved salts are removed by anion exchangers. Deionization station may consist of separate cation exchanger and anion exchanger filling or combined cation and anion exchanger column. After exhausting the capacity of the exchangers both columns have to by chemically regenerated using hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide.
Distillation
Distillation is a cleaning or mixture component separation method based on initial boiling point. In a gradual evaporation process taking place in a bosh the substances get separated due to their different initial boiling point. The vapour then condenses after passing through a cooler.
UV Sterilization
UV radiation is a part of the light spectrum. Radiation in the range of UV-C (100 nm – 280nm) has a gemicidal effect. A sterilizer unit contains one or more UV lamps whose radiated wavelength reaches the effective values to annihilate the microorganisms. 99,99% pathogene annihilation is reached through this method. The volume of sterilised water approaches 15 000 l / h.
Which water cleaning technologies and approaches we use?
In our equipment we only use new components manufactured from the certified materials and provided with all the necessary tests. The high quality of the equipment is therefore guaranteed by the filtration components, ion – exchangers and other materials used. Moreover, all the components are subjected to tests in our own laboratories to provide the personal guarantee of quality. Before shipment to customers full – scale tests are performed and all the essential features are verified.
Reverse osmosis systems
They represent a cost – effective alternative to the traditional laboratory pure water production methods – distillation and redistillation. These systems are used mainly for the low water production costs and system maintenance costs.
Ion – exchangers
Application of ion – exchangers is further step to increase the quality of finished water. Reverse osmosis elements are followed by ion exchange resin modules reducing the ion content to the trace level.
Electrodeionization
This process is used as the final water cleaning stage to reach constant quality of finished water. Very clean water (1 – 15 MΩ ) is the result. It is a low – energy process in which the ion exchangers are continuously regenerated in electric field. This ensures uninterrupted constant quality production of water with no need for ionex resin to be chemically regenerated.
Polishing
If the requirement is to produce purified water for special laboratory analyses a special final cleaning technology referred to as “polishing” is used. Water finished to such degree (15 – 18,2 MΩ) is to be immediately used and can not be stored in common containers. Prior to polishing water has to be pre – treated using one of the previously mentioned technologies (reverse osmosis, electrodeionization, classic ion exchangers).
For production of water with ultra - low TOC content UV lamp is included as the last pre – treatment step preceding the final polishing. UV radiation oxidates the residual organic compounds contained in the water.
Microbial filtration
The method is used to eliminate bacteria at the water inlet. Most laboratory water standards define the quality also with respect to the bacteria content and not only with the chemical purity in mind. To reach the required laboratory purity microbial filters are applied with defined absolute 0,22 micrometre porosity.
We master the water treatment technology
Our equipment is designed and manufactured using the latest technologies. We accentuate the workmanship quality and minimal failure rate. All the available equipment and devices are presented in the product Catalogue.
If our offer does not involve the equipment fulfilling your specific requirements we are prepared to elaborate a taylor – made solution. Our water treatment experts are ready at any time to give you advice or solve your various requirements. Feel free to Contact us and get unique solution with guarantee straight from the manufacturer with long tradition.
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